Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Preoperative Test to Predict Functional Outcomes / Artrodese total do punho: Um teste pré-operatório para prever resultados funcionais

Abstract Objective The study aims to demonstrate an evaluation method to predict the functional success of total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) and assist its indication. Methods A prospective study including ten patients submitted to (TWA) posttraumatic arthritis. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost postoperative follow-up or incomplete information in the medical record. The objective functional assessment (handgrip strength, three-point pinch, lateral pinch and pulp-pulp pinch) and the subjective functional assessment (DASH, PRWE, EVA) were evaluated in 3 different periods: (1) Before surgery without articular anesthesia, (2) Before surgery under articular anesthesia and (3) 12 weeks after the surgical procedure. Results There was an increase in handgrip strength in all three pinches measurements after pain relief, both after joint anesthesia and after the consolidation of the arthrodesis (p < 0.05). In the comparisons between the subjective evaluations (DASH, PRWE and VAS), the patients had better scores in the postoperative evaluation after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference when comparing the mean strength values found after anesthesia and after 12 weeks of TWA. Conclusion the outcomes could propose an assessment protocol for patients with indication for TWA, in which patients with good response to intra-articular anesthetic infiltration would benefit from the effects of the surgical procedure.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar um método de avaliação para predizer o sucesso funcional da artrodese total do punho (ATP) e auxiliar na sua indicação. Métodos Um estudo prospectivo incluindo dez pacientes submetidos a ATP por artrite pós-traumática. Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes que perderam o acompanhamento pós-operatório ou informações incompletas no prontuário. A avaliação funcional objetiva (força de preensão manual, pinça de três pontos, pinça lateral e pinça polpa-a-polpa) e a avaliação funcional subjetiva (DASH, PRWE, EVA) foram avaliadas em 3 momentos diferentes: (1) Antes da cirurgia sem anestesia articular, (2) Antes da cirurgia sob anestesia articular e (3) 12 semanas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados Houve aumento da força de preensão palmar nas três medidas de pinça após o alívio da dor, tanto após a anestesia articular quanto após a consolidação da artrodese (p < 0,05). Nas comparações entre as avaliações subjetivas (DASH, PRWE e VAS), os pacientes tiveram melhores escores na avaliação pós-operatória após 12 semanas (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística ao comparar os valores médios de força encontrados após a anestesia e após 12 semanas de ATP.

Three-dimensional finite element model construction and biomechanical analysis of customized titanium alloy lunate prosthesis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To design customized titanium alloy lunate prosthesis, construct three-dimensional finite element model of wrist joint before and after replacement by finite element analysis, and observe the biomechanical changes of wrist joint after replacement, providing biomechanical basis for clinical application of prosthesis.@*METHODS@#One fresh frozen human forearm was collected, and the maximum range of motions in flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radialis deviation tested by cortex motion capture system were 48.42°, 38.04°, 35.68°, and 26.41°, respectively. The wrist joint data was obtained by CT scan and imported into Mimics21.0 software and Magics21.0 software to construct a wrist joint three-dimensional model and design customized titanium alloy lunate prosthesis. Then Geomagic Studio 2017 software and Solidworks 2017 software were used to construct the three-dimensional finite element models of a normal wrist joint (normal model) and a wrist joint with lunate prosthesis after replacement (replacement model). The stress distribution and deformation of the wrist joint before and after replacement were analyzed for flexion at and 15°, 30°, 48.42°, extension at 15°, 30°, and 38.04°, ulnar deviation at 10°, 20°, and 35.68°, and radial deviation at 5°, 15°, and 26.41° by the ANSYS 17.0 finite element analysis software. And the stress distribution of lunate bone and lunate prosthesis were also observed.@*RESULTS@#The three-dimensional finite element models of wrist joint before and after replacement were successfully constructed. At different range of motion of flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation, there were some differences in the number of nodes and units in the grid models. In the four directions of flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation, the maximum deformation of wrist joint in normal model and replacement model occurred in the radial side, and the values increased gradually with the increase of the range of motion. The maximum stress of the wrist joint increased gradually with the increase of the range of motion, and at maximum range of motion, the stress was concentrated on the proximal radius, showing an overall trend of moving from the radial wrist to the proximal radius. The maximum stress of normal lunate bone increased gradually with the increase of range of motion in different directions, and the stress position also changed. The maximum stress of lunate prosthesis was concentrated on the ulnar side of the prosthesis, which increased gradually with the increase of the range of motion in flexion, and decreased gradually with the increase of the range of motion in extension, ulnar deviation, and radialis deviation. The stress on prosthesis increased significantly when compared with that on normal lunate bone.@*CONCLUSION@#The customized titanium alloy lunate prosthesis does not change the wrist joint load transfer mode, which provided data support for the clinical application of the prosthesis.

Clinical analysis of distal radius core decompression for chronic wrist pain / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of distal radius core decompression in the treatment of chronic wrist pain caused by various etiologies.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 10 patients with chronic wrist pain treated with distal radial core decompression between January 2018 and December 2021. There were 6 males and 4 females with an average age of 37.4 years (range, 21-55 years). The disease duration ranged from 7 to 72 months, with an average of 26.5 months. Preoperative MRI examination showed that 10 cases had bone marrow edema at the distal radius on the affected side, and 8 cases had bone marrow edema in the carpal bones such as scaphoid and lunate bone. Among them, 3 patients had a history of wrist fracture, and 2 patients had Kienböck diseases (1 case each in stage ⅡB and stage ⅢA). Three cases were combined with triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) type 1A injury. Two cases were combined with osteoarthritis, 1 of them was complicated with severe traumatic arthritis, the wrist arthroscopy showed that the TFCC was completely lost and could not be repaired, and the cartilage of the lunate bone and the ulnar head were severely worn.Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the relief of wrist pain before operation, at 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up, and the range of motion of the affected wrist in dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation was measured. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated according to T1WI, T2WI, and STIR sequences of MRI.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up 12-22 months, with an average of 16.4 months. Except for 1 patient who experienced persistent wrist joint pain and limited mobility after operation, the remaining 9 patients showed significant improvement in pain symptoms and wrist joint mobility. The VAS score and range of motion of wrist dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation at 6 months after operation and at last follow-up were significantly improved when compared with those before operation, the VAS score and the range of motion of wrist ulnar deviation and radial deviation at last follow-up were further improved when compared with those at 6 months after operation, all showing significant differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in wrist dorsiflexion and palmar flexion between at 6 months after operation and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). Bone marrow edema was improved in 6 patients on MRI at 6 months after operation, and was also improved in other patients at last follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#For chronic wrist pain caused by a variety of causes, distal radius core decompression can directly reduce the pressure of the medullary cavity of the distal radius, improve the blood supply of the corresponding distal structure, significantly alleviate chronic wrist pain, and provide an option for clinical treatment.

Analysis of the effectiveness of sequential plate internal fixation in correction of Madelung deformity after ulnar osteotomy and shortening / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of sequential plate internal fixation in the correction of Madelung deformity after ulnar osteotomy and shortening.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 13 patients with Madelung deformity admitted between September 2015 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.3 years ranging from 17 to 23 years. The disease duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of 17 months. Three cases had a clear history of trauma. All patients had external radial deviation deformity and limited movement of the ulnar deviation, and the ulnar impact pain was significant during ulnar deviation movement; 9 patients had limited wrist joint supination movement, and the supination movement was normal. In the first stage, ulnar osteotomy and shortening combined with external fixator were used to correct wrist deformity in 13 patients. After operation, bone transfer was performed 6 times per day, with adjustments made every 4 hours, which was 1 mm per day. After the osteotomy was in place, the ulnar plate internal fixation was performed to reconstruct the ulnar stability in the second stage. The Cooney wrist joint score was used to assess the pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength of the wrist joint before operation and before the removal of internal fixator. The subjective feeling and appearance satisfaction of patients were recorded.@*RESULTS@#After the second-stage operation, all the 13 patients were followed up 10-22 months, with an average of 15 months. The deformity of wrist joint disappeared after operation, and the flexion, extension, and ulnar deviation were basically normal. There was no complication such as ulnar impingement sign, nonunion or infection. Wrist function, pain, and range of motion were significantly improved after operation, except for 1 patient who had no significant improvement in rotation and pain. The ulnar internal fixator was removed at 10-18 months after the second-stage operation. The scores of pain, function, range of motion, flexion and extension range of motion, and grip strength in the Cooney wrist score before removal of internal fixator significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). Subjective and appearance satisfaction of patients were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case.@*CONCLUSION@#Ulnar osteotomy and shortening with sequential plate internal fixation for correction of Madelung deformity, with mild postoperative pain, can effectively avoid bone nonunion, improve wrist joint function, and have significant effectiveness.

Use of the Triquetrum-Hamate Portal in FourCorner Wrist Fusion: A Useful Technical Trick / Uso do portal piramidal-hamato na fusão de punho de quatro cantos: Um bom truque técnico

Abstract Arthroscopy-assisted partial wrist-fusion techniques are becoming more popular nowadays. It became clearer that avoiding the violation of important ligament and tendinous structures - which is impossible when using the classic open techniques - enables a more biological approach, which is essential for faster healing and improvement in function. We describe the use of the triquetrum-hamate (TH) portal, which is seldomly applied in routine arthroscopic techniques for hand and wrist surgery, as an accessory portal to better perform anterior midcarpal debridement in four-corner fusion. This trick enables an almost complete anterior resection of the capitate and hamate chondral surfaces, increasing the subchondral osseous contact in the midcarpal joint after fixation, thus leading to higher consolidation rates.

Resumo As técnicas de fusão parcial do punho assistidas por artroscopia estão se tornando mais populares. Ficou claro que evitar a violação de importantes estruturas ligamentares e tendíneas, o que é imposssível com as técnicas abertas clássicas, permite uma abordagem mais biológica, essencial para a cicatrização mais rápida e melhora da função. Descrevemos o uso do portal piramidal-hamato (PH), raramente aplicado em técnicas artroscópicas de rotina para cirurgia de mão e punho, como portal acessório para melhor execução do desbridamento carpal medial anterior na fusão de quatro cantos. Esse truque possibilita a ressecção anterior quase completa das superfícies condrais do capitato e do hamato, o que aumenta o contato ósseo subcondral na articulação mesocárpica após a fixação e eleva as taxas de consolidação.

Artrodesis de cuatro esquinas: análisis comparativo de técnica abierta versus técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica / Four-corner arthrodesis: comparative analysis of open surgery versus percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artrodesis de cuatro esquinas es una técnica de salvataje para los pacientes con artrosis avanzada del carpo. Los objetivos quirúrgicos son disminuir el dolor y mantener cierto movimiento de la muñeca. En el último tiempo, se han descrito técnicas percutáneas con asistencia artroscópica que han logrado resultados favorables, a pesar de que la técnica abierta sigue siendo el gold estándar para realizar esa técnica quirúrgica. OBJETIVO: Comparar resultados funcionales y radiológicos en pacientes con muñecas con colapso avanzado escafolunar (scapholunate advanced collapse, SLAC) o colapso avanzado en la pseudoartrosis del escafoides (scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse, SNAC) operados con técnica quirúrgica abierta versus técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo tipo caso-control, de fichas clínicas e imagenología de pacientes con artrosis avanzada del carpo operados con técnica percutánea y asistencia artroscópica y cirugía abierta. Se estudian variables demográficas, dolor mediante la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), función en rangos de movilidad, tiempo de consolidación, y corrección del ángulo capitolunar. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica de la cirugía abierta y la cirugía percutánea con asistencia artroscópica. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes del sexo masculino con edad promedio de 32,5 años. Había 13 pacientes en el grupo de casos (técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica) y 9 pacientes en el grupo de controles (técnica abierta). El dolor en la EVA al momento del egreso hospitalario fue de 3 para los casos y de 5 para los controles (p » 0,008), y a los 30 días del postoperatorio, fue de 0 y 3 respectivamente (p » 0,00). Los rangos de extensión y flexión fueron de 52,6° y 38,7° para los casos y de 35,7° y 32,4° para los controles (p » 0,1119 y 0,0016, respectivamente). El ángulo capitolunar fue de 10° para los controles y de 5° para los casos (p » 0,0008). El tiempo de consolidación fue de 8,8 semanas para los casos y de 12,5 semanas para los controles (p » 0,039). DISCUSIÓN: Tanto la técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica cuanto la cirugía abierta para realizar una artrodesis de cuatro esquinas son técnicas reproducibles y efectivas en lograr consolidación, disminución del dolor, y mantenimiento de rangos de movimiento en la muñeca. CONCLUSIÓN: En el presente trabajo se demuestran mejores promedios de los parámetros evaluados con la técnica percutánea que con la cirugía abierta; sin embargo, es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos para realizar una recomendación con respecto a la técnica quirúrgica de elección.

INTRODUCTION: Four-corner arthrodesis is a salvage technique for patients with advanced carpal osteoarthritis. This procedure aims to reduce pain and preserve wrist motion. Even though percutaneous techniques with arthroscopic assistance reportedly have favorable outcomes and the advantages of minimal invasiveness, open surgery remains the gold standard for four-corner arthrodesis. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of patients with scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) submitted to open surgery versus percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case-control study of clinical records and radiological images of patients with advanced carpal osteoarthritis submitted to percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance versus open surgery. Demographic variables, pain score using the visual analog scale (VAS), function ranges of motion, time until consolidation, and correction of the capitolunate angle were analyzed. Both techniques are described. RESULTS: In total, 22 male patients with an average age of 32.5 years were studied, including 13 patients from the case group (percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance) and 9 patients from the control group (open surgery). The VAS score for pain at discharge was of 3 for the cases and of 5 for the controls (p » 0.008); 30 days postoperatively, it was of 0 and 3 respectively (p » 0.00). The ranges of extension and flexion were of 52.6° and 38.7° for the case group, and of 35.7° and 32.4° for the control group (p » 0.119 and 0.0016 respectively). The capitolunate angle was of 10° for the controls and of 5° for the cases (p » 0.0008). The time until consolidation was of 8.8 weeks for the cases and of 12.5 weeks for the controls (p » 0.039). DISCUSSION: Both four-corner arthrodesis techniques are reproducible and effective in achieving consolidation, pain reduction and preservation of wrist motion. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates the superiority of the percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance over open surgery. Further prospective studies are required for an adequate recommendation.

Detección de tornillos prominentes en la articulación radiocarpiana mediante la proyección tangencial del escafoides dorsal / Detection of protruding screws in the radiocarpal joint using the "scaphoid skyline view"

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una de las complicaciones de la osteosíntesis retrógrada del escafoides es la protrusión del tornillo en la articulación radiocarpiana, dada la limitada visualización intraoperatoria del polo proximal del escafoides con las proyecciones tradicionales. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la capacidad de una nueva proyección radiológica, la proyección "tangencial del escafoides dorsal", o TED, para identificar tornillos prominentes radiocarpianos durante la osteosíntesis retrógrada del escafoides con tornillos canulados. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cadavérico en muñecas frescas congeladas. Se introdujo en el escafoides un tornillo canulado con técnica retrógrada estándar. La proyección TED fue evaluada en 5 muñecas, con angulaciones del antebrazo de 15°, 30° y 45° para definir la mejor visualización del polo proximal del escafoides y del tornillo. Se comparó la capacidad para identificar la prominencia del tornillo en el polo proximal de la proyección TED de 30° con 5 proyecciones tradicionales de escafoides en 9 muñecas. El tornillo se posicionó a nivel de la superficie del escafoides, y luego se avanzó a intervalos de 0,5 mm bajo visualización directa por artrotomía dorsal. Tras cada intervalo, se repitieron todas las proyecciones para determinar su capacidad de detectar tornillos prominentes en el escafoides. RESULTADOS: La mejor visualización del polo proximal del escafoides se logró con la proyección TED de 30°. Al comparar la proyección TED de 30° y las tradicionales, con la TED se logró identificar tornillos prominentes a 0,8 mm promedio, seguida por la proyección posteroanterior con cubitalización y extensión a 1.3 mm (p » 0.014), con una alta precisión y correlación interobservador de estas proyecciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La proyección TED demostró ser la más sensible para detectar tornillos prominentes en la articulación radiocarpiana. Su uso rutinario podría evitar complicaciones durante la osteosíntesis.

INTRODUCTION: One of the complications of the retrograde percutaneous scaphoid fixation is the protrusion of the screw in the radiocarpal joint due to the limited intraoperative visualization of the proximal pole of the scaphoid with the traditional radiographic views. OBJETIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of a novel radiographic view (the skyline scaphoid view, SSV) to detect screws protruding in the radiocarpal joint during the retrograde fixation of the scaphoid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied nine cadaverous fresh frozen wrists. A retrograde cannulated screw was inserted in the scaphoid. To validate the SSV, 5 wrists were studied, comparing 3 forearm angulations (15°, 30° and 45°) to get the best visualization of the proximal pole and screw. We compared the ability to identify the protrusion of the screw in the proximal pole of the 30° SSV with that of 5 standard scaphoid radiographic views in 9 wrists. The screw was positioned at the level of the surface of the scaphoid, and was sequentially protruded in 0.5 mm increments, with direct visualization of its tip through a dorsal capsulotomy. After each increment, all views were repeated to determine if they were able to detect screws projecting from the scaphoid. RESULTS: The best visualization of the proximal pole of the scaphoid was found with the 30° SSV. In the comparison of the 30° SSV and the standard views, with the SSV we were able to identify the protrusion of the screws at an average of 0.8 mm, followed by the posterior-anterior view with ulnar deviation and extension at 1.3 mm (p » 0.014), with high precision and interobserver agreement regarding these views. CONCLUSION: The SSV was the most sensitive view to detect protruding screws in the proximal pole of the scaphoid. Its routine use could avoid complications during osteosynthesis.

Resultados del tratamiento de la artrosis radiocubital distal mediante el procedimiento de Sauvé Kapandji artroscópico / Distal radioulnar osteoarthritis using arthroscopic Sauvé Kapandji technique

Introducción: La artrosis radiocubital distal (ARCD) produce dolor y pérdida de fuerza en movimientos de pronosupinación con limitación funcional. Nuestro objetivo es presentar los resultados obtenidos mediante la técnica de Sauvé Kapandji (SK) de forma artroscópica. Esta técnica preserva el retináculo extensor, permite la colocación anatómica de la articulación y una rehabilitación más rápida. No hemos encontrado trabajos reportando casos sobre esta técnica.Materiales y métodos: estudiamos de forma retrospectiva a siete pacientes con ARCD, evaluando el Dash y el score de la Clínica Mayo. Cinco pacientes masculinos y dos femeninos con test de Nakamura. Su edad promedio fue de 60.2 años. Cinco pacientes en edad laboral y dos jubilados. Todos los pacientes de esta serie fueron tratados de manera artroscópica con la técnica de Sauvé Kapandji (SK) artroscópica. Resultados: el seguimiento promedio fue de 14.7 meses. Cinco pacientes tenían antecedentes de fractura de muñeca y dos, antecedentes de lesión del complejo fibrocartílago triangular (CFCT), sin inestabilidad. Los siete pacientes tenían test de Nakamura positivo. Obtuvimos una supinación preoperatoria de 26.4° promedio y de 75° postoperatoria y una pronación de 32° preoperatoria y 85° postoperatoria. La fuerza obtenida fue del 25% prequirúrgica y 80% postquirúrgica. Obtuvimos un Dash score prequirúrgico de 88 puntos y un postquirúrgico de 6 puntos. El score de la Mayo de muñeca fue excelente en tres pacientes y bueno en cuatro. Obtuvimos una VAS de 9.5 en el prequirúrgico y una VAS de 1 punto al final del seguimiento. Todos los pacientes estaban conformes con las incisiones realizadas.Discusión: el procedimiento de SK es de elección en la artrosis radiocubital distal y puede realizarse en pacientes jóvenes con alta demanda cuando se presentan rupturas del CFCT sin inestabilidad, restaurando la movilidad de la muñeca, la estabilidad y la fuerza de grip. La técnica artroscópica permite la preservación del quinto y sexto compartimento, facilitando una posición anatómica de la ARCD, una rehabilitación rápida y una mejor cosmética que la cirugía convencional.Conclusión: las técnicas artroscópicas del procedimiento de SK dan resultados similares a las abiertas a largo plazo, con una movilidad y fuerza aceptables, sin embargo, la técnica con asistencia artroscópica permite no abrir los compartimientos extensores, lo que facilita una recuperación funcional más rápida y aceptable y admite evaluar la cantidad justa necesaria de resección del cartílago articular y tratar las lesiones asociadas mediante esta técnica. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Distal radioulnar osteoarthritis (ARCD) produces pain and loss of strength in pronosupination movements with functional limitation. Our objective is to present the results obtained using the Sauvé Kapandji (SK) technique in an arthroscopic way. This technique preserves the extensor retinaculum, allows for faster anatomical placement of the joint and rehabilitation. We have not found works reporting cases on this technique.Materials and methods: we retrospectively studied seven patients with ARCD, evaluating the Dash and the Mayo score. Five male and two female using the Nakamura test. The age of the patients was 60.2 years on average. Five patients of working age and two retirees. All patients in this series were treated arthroscopically with the arthroscopic Sauvé Kapandji technique.Results: the average follow-up was 14.7 months. Five patients had a history of wrist fracture and two had a history of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (CFCT) injury without instability. All seven patients had a positive Nakamura test. We obtained an average pre-operative supination of 26.4° and an average of 75° post-operatively, and a 32° pre-operative and 85° post-operative pronation. The strength obtained was 25% pre-surgical and 80% post-surgical. We obtained a pre-surgical Dash score of 88 points and a post-surgical score of 6 points. The Mayo score of the wrist was excellent in three patients, good in four. We obtained a VAS of 9.5 in the pre-surgical period and a VAS of 1 point. All patients were compliant with the incisions made.Discussion: the SK procedure is of choice in distal radioulnar osteoarthritis and can be performed in the presence of TCCC ruptures without instability in young patients with high demand, restoring wrist mobility, stability, and grip strength. The arthroscopic technique allows the preservation of the fifth and sixth compartments, allowing an anatomical position of the ARCD, with a quick rehabilitation and a better cosmetic than conventional surgery.Conclusion: the arthroscopic techniques of the KS procedure give results similar to the open ones in the long term, with acceptable mobility and strength, however, the arthroscopic-assisted technique allows not to open the extensor compartments, allowing a faster, acceptable functional recovery and allows to evaluate the necessary amount of articular cartilage resection and to treat associated injuries using this technique. Level of Evidence: IV

Clinical observation of different surgical methods for metaphyseal sequelae of ulna / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and safety of ulnar osteochondroma resection, ulnar minimally invasive osteotomy, external fixation and ulnar lengthening in the treatment of forearm deformity of metaphyseal extension of ulna.@*METHODS@#From August 2005 to December 2013, there were 20 cases of ulnar metaphyseal sequelae, including 15 males and 5 females, aged from 7 to 13(10.00±2.34) years, the course of disease ranged for 6 to 11(8.10±1.52) months. The clinical manifestations were shortening of the affected forearm and bending to the ulnar side. The postoperative evaluation included pain, activities of daily living, orthopedic effect and the range of motion of wrist, elbow and forearm. The radiological evaluation included ulnar length, radial joint inclination angle and wrist epiphysis growth.@*RESULTS@#All patients healed without infection. The only operation related to complications was ulnar lengthening, including 1 case of nonunion, 2 cases of ulnar lengthening callus fracture and 1 case of temporary radial nerve palsy. All patients were followed up for 4 to 7.5 years, with an average of (6.03±1.33) years. There were statistically significant differences in changes of wrist radial deviation, ulnar deviation, forearm pronation and supination in all cases (@*CONCLUSION@#Ulnar lengthening is not beneficial to prevent the development of long-term deformity. Simple resection of osteochondroma of distal ulna is beneficial to prevent the development of deformity. Patients with limited rotation of wrist joint and forearm and strong demand for improvement of appearance can be actively treated.

Clinical observation of arthroscopic single channel treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with self-made instruments / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of self-made arthroscopic single channel in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with primary carpal tunnel syndrome treated from January 2014 to December 2019 were divided into arthroscopic group and traditional open operation group. There were 30 cases in arthroscopic group, including 12 males and 18 females, aged (47.5±4.5) years and the course of disease was (6.6±4.2) months. There were 30 cases in the traditional operation group, including 10 males and 20 females, aged (48.5±3.5) years, and the course of disease was (5.6±4.4) months. Both groups were unilateral. According to the anatomy of wrist joint and the characteristics of transverse carpal ligament and arthroscopy, the instruments including cannula, inner heart and hook knife were designed. The patients in two groups were treated with decompression of transverse carpal ligament using arthroscopy combined with self-made instruments and traditional open sergery. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization cost, hospitalization time and recovery time of the two groups were observed and compared. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopy combined with self made instruments in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the traditional group, the arthroscopic group had significant advantages in incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and hospital stay, but the total cost of hospitalization was increased. The Boston score was significantly higher in the arthroscopic group than that in the traditional group at 1 month after operation, but not at 3 and 6 months after operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopy combined with self-made instruments in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome is more reliable, minimally invasive and simplified than open surgery, but the patients should be clearly diagnosed and appropriately selected before operation to achieve satisfactory clinical effect.

Luxofracturas radiocarpianas: evaluación retrospectiva de una serie de casos / Radiocarpal fracture-dislocation. Retrospective evaluation of a case series

Introducción: Las luxofracturas radiocarpianas consisten en la pérdida total de contacto entre las superficies articulares de la primera fila del carpo y del radio. Se producen por traumatismos de alta energía. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar retrospectivamente una serie de casos para comparar la incidencia de estas lesiones, el manejo terapéutico y los resultados funcionales con la bibliografía publicada por centros de referencia en esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Entre febrero de 2018 y junio de 2020, se evaluó, en forma retrospectiva, a pacientes con luxofractura radiocarpiana, clasificada en tipos I y II según Dumontier. Criterios de inclusión: hombres y mujeres >18 años con luxofractura radiocarpiana cerrada o abierta y un seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se llevó a cabo un seguimiento clínico/por imágenes mediante radiografías, el cuestionario DASH, la escala de muñeca modificada de la Clínica Mayo, la escala analógica visual para dolor y el PSQ-18. Resultados: Se evaluó a 8 pacientes con 9 lesiones, y un seguimiento promedio de 8 meses. Las luxaciones eran 4 tipo I y 5 tipo II. Todos fueron operados. Según valores finales, hubo 2 resultados excelentes, 6 buenos/aceptables y uno pobre. Conclusión: El mejor método para el tratamiento definitivo es quirúrgico. La correcta clasificación y el estudio de la enfermedad tienen un rol fundamental en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Radiocarpal fracture-dislocations consist of the total loss of contact between the articular surfaces of the first row of the carpus and the radius. They are caused by high-energy trauma. The purpose of the work is to retrospectively evaluate a series of cases to compare the incidence of these lesions, their therapeutic management and functional outcomes with the literature published by reference centers in this pathology. Materials and methods: Between February 2018 and June 2020 we retrospectively evaluated patients with radiocarpal fracture-dislocations, which were classified into groups I and II according to Dumontier. Inclusion criteria: males and females over 18 years of age with closed or open radiocarpal fracture-dislocations with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. A clinical/imaging follow-up was carried out using radiographs, the DASH questionnaire (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Modified Mayo Wrist Score, visual analog scale (VAS) and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). Results: Eight patients with nine lesions with an average follow-up of 8 months were evaluated. Lesions were grouped into type I (4) and type II (5). All were surgically operated. According to the final values, outcomes were excellent in two cases, good/acceptable in six, and poor in one. Conclusion: We believe that the best method for definitive treatment is surgical. The correct classification and study of the pathology will play a fundamental role in making therapeutic decisions. Level of Evidence: IV

Ulnar shortening: results for treatment of distal radioulnar joint pathology and conversion to DRUJ replacement arthroplasty / Acortamiento cubital: resultados del tratamiento de la patología de la articulación radiocubital distal y su conversión a una artroplastia

Abstract: Background: Ulnar shortening (US) is used for treatment of ulnar abutment, early osteoarthrosis (OA) and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. However, it has never been strongly advocated as a mid-stage procedure to slow OA progression and reduce requirement of secondary DRUJ procedures. The study aim was to determine if a specific sigmoid notch type is likely to lead to DRUJ replacement after US. Methods: A retrospective study of 119 patients (124 wrists) with DRUJ painful early osteoarthritis, ulnar abutment and DRUJ instability that underwent US was performed. The goals of osteotomy were to decrease pain and slow the initiation or progression of OA. Sigmoid notch type, previous trauma, bone healing time, pain relief, ulnar variance and conversion to DRUJ arthroplasty were analyzed. Results: Of the 124 wrists studied, bone healing took 3.33 months of average (union rate 98.3%). Sigmoid notch type distribution was 55.6% for type 1, 25.8% for type 2, and 18.5% for type 3. Of the patients with pain after US, 37 had hardware removal and 13 required a DRUJ semi-constrained arthroplasty. Even though analysis did not show any statistically significant correlation, a slight trend towards association of sigmoid notch type 3 with conversion to DRUJ arthroplasty was found. Conclusion: US has a role in treatment of DRUJ pathology, and its use may delay the need for DRUJ secondary procedures, protecting the native joint. A specific sigmoid notch type does not present risk for OA and does not appear to be related to conversion to DRUJ arthroplasty. Type of study: Therapeutic

Resumen: Antecedentes: El acortamiento cubital es utilizado para el tratamiento del síndrome de impactación, osteoartrosis (OA) temprana y la inestabilidad de la articulación radiocubital distal (ARCD). Sin embargo, no se ha recomendado como procedimiento intermedio para detener la progresión de la OA y reducir la necesidad de procedimientos secundarios. El objetivo es determinar si un tipo específico de la escotadura sigmoidea predispone a una artroplastia de la ARCD después del acortamiento cubital. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 119 pacientes (124 muñecas) a las que se les realizó acortamiento cubital. El objetivo de la osteotomía fue disminuir el dolor y retardar el progreso de la OA. Se analizó el tipo de escotadura sigmoidea, trauma previo, tiempo de consolidación ósea, alivio del dolor, varianza cubital y conversión a artroplastia. Resultados: De las 124 muñecas estudiadas, la consolidación ocurrió en 3.33 meses en promedio (98.3% de consolidación). El tipo de escotadura sigmoidea fue 55.6% tipo 1; 25.8% tipo 2 y 18.5% tipo 3, 37 pacientes ameritaron retiro de material y 13 una artroplastia de la ARCD semiconstriñida. Aunque el análisis no mostró ninguna correlación estadísticamente significativa, una tendencia leve hacia la Asociación del tipo 3 de la escotadura sigmoidea con la conversión a la artroplastia de ARCD fue encontrada. Conclusiones: El acortamiento cubital juega un papel en el tratamiento de la patología de la ARCD, su uso puede retrasar la necesidad de procedimientos secundarios. Un tipo de escotadura sigmoidea específica no presenta riesgo para la OA y no parece estar relacionado con la conversión a la artroplastia de la ARCD.

Tenosinovitis inespecífica en granos de arroz de los tendones flexores de la mano / Ténosynovite non spécifique d'aspect en grains de riz des tendons fléchisseurs de la main / Non-specific flexor tendons tenosynovitis in rice grains of the hand

La tenosinovitis con cuerpos libres en forma de granos de arroz es una afección muy infrecuente que se presenta, generalmente, asociada a artritis reumatoide o tuberculosis. Los casos no asociados a estas enfermedades son extremadamente raros. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 62 años de edad, intervenido quirúrgicamente por un síndrome del túnel carpiano derecho hace 7 años. En aquel momento se le realizó una apertura del retináculo transverso del carpo y una sinovectomía de los tendones flexores. La biopsia sinovial reportó una "sinovitis crónica". Evolucionó satisfactoriamente durante los primeros 4 años, luego comenzó a presentar nuevamente los síntomas compresivos del nervio mediano y un aumento progresivo del volumen en la cara anterior de la muñeca. El ultrasonido mostró una marcada hipertrofia sinovial de los tendones flexores a nivel de la muñeca. Los estudios neurofisiológicos reportaron daño axonal y mielínico en las fibras del nervio mediano derecho. Se le realizó una nueva intervención donde se visualizó la hipertrofia sinovial y abundantes cuerpos libres en forma de granos de arroz agrupados en sacos sinoviales. Se le descomprimió el túnel carpiano, se resecaron los cuerpos libres y se le hizo una sinovectomía amplia. El resultado de la biopsia fue una sinovitis inespecífica con cuerpos libres en granos de arroz. Después de dos años de operado el paciente está asintomático.

Tenosynovitis with loose rice grain-like structures is a very rare condition that usually presents associated with rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis. Cases not associated with these diseases are extremely rare. A 62-year-old male patient underwent surgery for a right carpal tunnel syndrome seven years ago. At that time, an opening of the transverse retinaculum of the carpus and synovectomy of the flexor tendons were performed. Synovial biopsy reported "chronic synovitis". It evolved satisfactorily during the first four years; then the patient began to present again the compressive symptoms of the median nerve and progressive increase in volume in the anterior aspect of the wrist. The ultrasound showed marked synovial hypertrophy of the flexor tendons at the level of the wrist. Neurophysiological studies reported axonal and myelin damage in the fibers of the right median nerve. A new intervention was performed. Synovial hypertrophy was visualized and abundant free loose rice grain-like structures grouped in synovial sacs. The carpal tunnel was decompressed, the free bodies were resected and wide synovectomy was performed. The result of the biopsy was non-specific synovitis with free rice grain-like structures. After two years of surgery, the patient is asymptomatic.

La ténosynovite à corps étrangers libres d'aspect en grains de riz est une affection très peu fréquente, étant généralement associée à l'arthrite rhumatoïde ou à la tuberculose. Les cas non associés à ces maladies sont extrêmement rares. Le cas d'un patient âgé de 62 ans, atteint de syndrome du canal carpien droit, et traité chirurgicalement il y a sept ans, est présenté. En ce moment-là, il a subi une incision du ligament transverse du carpe (rétinaculum) et une synovectomie des tendons fléchisseurs. La biopsie synoviale a dévoilé une «synovite chronique¼. L'évolution a été satisfaisante au cours des quatre premières années; puis après la compression du nerf médian et l'inflammation progressive de la face antérieure du poignet ont réapparues. L'échographie a montré une marquée hypertrophie synoviale des tendons fléchisseurs au niveau du poignet. Les examens neurophysiologiques ont révélé un dommage axonal et myélinique des fibres du nerf médian droit. Dans la nouvelle intervention effectuée, une hypertrophie synoviale et plusieurs corps étrangers d'aspect en grains de riz groupés en bourses synoviales ont été remarqués. Une décompression du canal carpien, une résection des corps étrangers et une large synovectomie ont été réalisées. La biopsie a repéré une synovite non spécifique à corps étrangers libres en forme de grains de riz. Le patient reste encore asymptomatique depuis deux ans.

Resultados de la reparación con sutura artroscópica de las lesiones periféricas cubitales del complejo fibrocartílago triangular (CFCT) (Palmer 1B/Atzei 1) / Arthroscopic repair of Palmer 1B triangular fibrocartilage complex tears

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las Lesiones del Complejo Fibrocartílago Triangular (CFCT) son causa común de dolor Ulnar en la muñeca, la artroscopia es el estándar de oro para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las mismas. Realizamos un trabajo retrospectivo evaluando la función y resultados de los pacientes operados con técnica artroscópica con la lesión CFCT Palmer 1B/Atzei 1. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Evaluamos 24 pacientes con 25 lesiones de CFCT palmer 1B/Atzei 1. El 88% en edad laboral entre 19 a 57 años (34 años promedio) con un seguimiento promedio de 9 meses. Todas las lesiones fueron reparadas con técnicas artroscópicas y puntos de sutura adentro afuera y afuera adentro. Se evaluó el Rango de Movilidad (ROM), fuerza de agarre, escala de Mayo de Muñeca y escala de DASH. RESULTADOS: Hemos tenido mejoras en test del dolor y la fuerza, el ROM promedio fue 70° para la extensión, 85° de flexión, 20° para la desviación radial y 30° de desviación cubital. El Score de muñeca de mayo fue excelente en el 64%, Bueno en el 16%, Satisfactorio en el 20% y no hemos tenido malos resultados. Nuestro Dash Score pre operatorio fue de 86 puntos y en el Post operatorio de 13 puntos. El promedio de la fuerza comparativa contralateral fue del 70%. CONCLUSIÓN: La reparación artroscópica de las lesiones Palmer 1B/ Atzei 1 dan resultados satisfactorios mejorando los ROM, recuperando la fuerza de forma total o parcial y disminuyendo el dolor. Encontramos que el tiempo entre la cirugía y los resultados obtenidos influye en los resultados y cuanto mayor es el seguimiento mejor los resultados. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV.

OBJECTIVE: Lesions of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (CFCT) are a common cause of ulnar pain in the wrist; arthroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of them. We performed a retrospective study evaluating the function and results of patients operated with an arthroscopic technique with Palmer 1B / Atzei 1 lesion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 24 patients with 25 CFCT lesions palmer 1B / Atzei 1. 88% of working age between 19 to 57 years old (average 34 years) with a follow-up of 9 months. All injuries were repaired with arthroscopic techniques and stitches inside and outside inside. The Mobility Range (ROM), grip strength, May Wrist score and the DASH Score were evaluated. RESULTS: We have had improvements in pain and strength tests, the average ROM was 70 ° for extension, 85 ° for flexion, 20° for radial deviation and 30 ° for ulnar deviation. The Wrist Score of May was excellent at 64%, Good at 16%, Satisfactory at 20% and we have not had bad results. Our preoperative Dash Score was 86 points and in the Post-operative of 13 points. The average of the contralateral comparative force was 70%. CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic repair of the Palmer 1B / Atzei 1 lesions gives satisfactory results improving the ROM, recovering the strength totally or partially and decreasing the pain. We found that the time between surgery and the results obtained influences the results and the greater the follow-up the better the results. Type study: Number of cases. Level of evidence: IV.

Sutura artroscópica de ligamento lunopiramidal mediante anclaje óseo: técnica quirúrgica / Arthroscopic suture of lunotriquetral ligament with bone anchor. Surgical technique

El ligamento lunopiramidal (LP) es un estabilizador de la articulación lunopiramidal mediante dos haces principales: Dorsal y Palmar. El ligamento LP palmar es más fuerte que el ligamento dorsal. La rotura sintomática del ligamento LP se produce por antecedente traumático o por causas degenerativas. Son responsables de una inestabilidad carpiana disociativa (ICD). Una disociación LP aislada puede ocurrir por una inestabilidad de Mayfiled estadio 3 o por un patrón inverso originado desde el lado cubital de la muñeca, la cual estaría producida por una caída con la mano en extensión y desviación radial o por lesión degenerativa del fibrocartílago. El objetivo es presentar nuestra técnica quirúrgica artroscópica de anclaje óseo para las desinserciones del ligamento LT en lesiones agudas y degenerativas, en donde el ligamento es pasible de anclaje. Las lesiones lunopiramidales son poco estudiadas o poco diagnosticadas, nosotros creemos que esta técnica es útil a tener en cuenta ante una desinserción ligamentaria pasible de reinserción. Tipo de estudio: Técnica Quirúrgica. Nivel de evidencia: V

The lunopiramidal (LP) ligament is an intrinsic ligament responsible for stabilizing the lunopiramidal joint by means of its two main beams: Dorsal and Palmar. It presents a membranous part between the two main beams forming a C. The palmar LP ligament is stronger than the dorsal ligament. The symptomatic rupture of the LP ligament is produced by traumatic antecedent or by degenerative causes. They are responsible for a dissociative carpal instability (ICD). An isolated LP dissociation can occur due to an instability of Mayfiled stage 3 or by an inverse pattern originating from the ulnar side of the wrist, which would be produced by a fall with the hand in extension and radial deviation or degenerative lesion of triangular fibrocartilage complex. The aim is to present our arthroscopic surgical technique of bone anchor for the desinsertions of the LT ligament in acute and degenerative lesions where the ligament is capable of anchoring. The lunopiramidal lesions are little studied or little diagnosed; we believe that this technique is useful to take into account in the case of a ligament de-insertion. Type of Study: Surgical Technique. Level of Evidence: V

Ganglión dorsal de muñeca: resección artroscópica con técnica “en seco”. seguimiento mínimo de dos años / Dorsal wrist ganglion: arthroscopic resection with “dry” technique. minimum follow-up of two years

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue comunicar los resultados a mediano plazo de la resección artroscópica de gangliones dorsales de muñeca utilizando la técnica “en seco”. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a 22 pacientes (22 muñecas) con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. Once mujeres y 11 hombres con una edad promedio de 29 años (rango 18-57). Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas preoperatoria, al mes de la cirugía y en el último control. Se evaluaron la movilidad y la fuerza de puño comparativas, el dolor y la función según la escala analógica visual, los puntajes funcionales QuickDASH y de Wrightington, el retorno laboral y las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas. Seguimiento promedio: 42 meses (rango 24-60). Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante la prueba t. Resultados: Hubo 2 recidivas del ganglión. No se registraron otras complicaciones. La movilidad y la fuerza de puño comparativas mejoraron significativamente, 99% y 100%, respectivamente. El dolor y la función también mejoraron significativamente, al igual que el puntaje QuickDASH. Según la escala de Wrightington, 18 casos resultaron excelentes; 3, buenos, y uno fue malo. Veintiuno de los 22 pacientes retornaron a sus tareas laborales sin limitaciones, 20 refirieron estar satisfechos con el resultado. Conclusión: La resección artroscópica utilizando la técnica “en seco” representa una alternativa segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de los gangliones dorsales de muñeca, logra aliviar el dolor, y una mejoría funcional y estética en la mayoría de los pacientes mediante una rehabilitación temprana, con una baja incidencia de recidiva.

Introduction: the purpose of this study is to describe the medium-term results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglia using the “dry technique”. Methods: Twenty-two patients (22 wrists) were retrospectively evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Eleven women and 11 men with an average age of 29 years (range 18-57). A clinical evaluation was performed preoperatively, at one month, and at the last control visit. Comparative wrist motion and grip strength, pain and function according to the visual analogue scale, functional QuickDASH and Wrightington scores, return to work, and intra and postoperative complications were evaluated. Mean follow-up was 42 months (range 24-60). Statistical analysis was performed using t test. Results: Two cases of ganglion recurrence were observed. No other complication was reported. Wrist motion and grip strength improved significantly, reaching 99% and 100%, respectively. Pain and function also improved significantly, as the functional QuickDASH score. According to Wrightington score, 18 cases were excellent, 3 were good, and one por result. Twenty-one patients returned to their tasks without limitation, 20 of them refered to be satisfied with the final result. Conclusion: Arthroscopic resection using the “dry technique “ represents a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of dorsal wrist ganglia, achieving pain relief, and functional and aesthetic improvement in most patients with early rehabilitation and a low incidence of recurrence.

Tratamiento artroscópico de la seudoartrosis de escafoides sin injerto óseo: nuevo enfoque terapéutico para un viejo problema / Arthroscopic treatment of the scaphoid nonunion without bone graft. new therapeutic approach for an old problem

Introducción: hoy en día, el manejo de la seudoartrosis del escafoides sigue siendo controversial, con una tasa de fallasalrededor de hasta el 40%, y con ausencia de un “patrón de oro”. Tomando los novedosos conceptos sobre el potencial de lascélulas encontradas en la seudoartrosis de escafoides y su capacidad osteogénica, los alentadores resultados por los efectosdel aumento de la vascularización por la descompresión metafisaria del radio y cúbito para el tratamiento de la enfermedad deKienböck y las ventajas del mínimo trauma quirúrgico de las técnicas percutáneas y artroscópicas, es que planteamos la hipótesisde realizar en forma prospectiva el tratamiento artroscópico de la seudoartrosis de escafoides sin injerto óseo. [T.A.S.E s. I]Material y Método: Se evaluaron en forma retrospectiva, 38 seudoartrosis de escafoides tratados en forma prospectiva medianteT.A.S.E s. I. La edad promedio fue de 30.81 años. El lado derecho se afectó en 24 casos, y en 78.9% de los casos fue el miembrodominante. El tiempo promedio ocurrido, desde la lesión hasta la intervención quirúrgica, fue de 21,43 meses. Acorde a losestudios peri-operatorios, todos los pacientes fueron agrupados según la clasificación de Slade y Dodds.Resultados: Se obtuvo la consolidación ósea en 35 casos. En tres casos no se alcanzó, luego de 8 meses de evolución, yrequirieron un nuevo procedimiento quirúrgico. En las seudoartrosis quísticas, el defecto óseo fue rellenado con crecimiento óseonuevo, aún en aquellos casos en que el quiste excedía los 10 mm. El SPECT demostró en los casos realizados, un patrón singulardocumentando en cierta medida el efecto biológico de la descompresión metafisaria caracterizada por un aumento de la irrigacióninespecífica sobre la columna radial, y la liberación de factores inductores osteoblásticos no identificados. La escala visualanalógica mostró un dolor postoperatorio promedio de 1,04 (0 a 2). El rango funcional promedio postoperatorio fue de: extensión...

Introduction: today, the management of the pseudoarthrosis of the scaphoid remains controversial, with a failure rate of up to 40%, and absence of a “gold standard”. Taking the novel concepts of the potential of the cells found in scaphoid nonunion and osteogenic capacity, and the encouraging results from the effects of increased vascularization by the metaphyseal decompression of the radius and ulna for the treatment of Kienbõck’s disease and the advantages of minimal surgical trauma of percutaneous and arthroscopic techniques, is that hypothesized prospectively performed arthroscopic treatment of scaphoid nonunions without bone graft. [A. t. S. NU. W. BG] Material and Methods: Were evaluated retrospectively, 38 scaphoid nonunions treated prospectively by A. t. S. NU. W. BG. The mean age was 30.81 years. The right side was affected in 24 cases, and in 78.9% of cases was the dominant member. The average time from the injury to surgery was 21.43 months. According to the peri-operative studies, all patients were grouped according to the classification of Slade and Dodds. Results: Bone healing was obtained in 35 cases. Three was not obtained, after 8 months of development and required a new surgical procedure. In cystic nonunion, bone defect was filled with new bone growth, even in cases where the cyst exceeded 10 mm. The SPECT demonstrated in those cases made, a common unique pattern, documenting, to some extent, the biological effect of the metaphyseal decompression characterized by increased nonspecific irrigation on the radial side column, and the posible release of various inducing factors osteoblastic unidentified. The visual analog scale showed an average of 1.04 (0-2) postoperative pain. The average postoperative functional range was:...

Artrodesis intercarpiana como tratamiento de salvamento en pacientes con enfermedad de Kienböck / Intercarpal fusion as a salvage procedure in Kienböck disease

Resumen: Introducción: Se analizaron los resultados funcionales de cuatro técnicas quirúrgicas de salvamento para resolver la etapa IIIB-IV de Litchman de la enfermedad de Kienböck. Observamos la evolución de los procedimientos quirúrgicos de salvamento realizados del 2000 al 2015. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo transversal de 33 pacientes tratados con cuatro técnicas quirúrgicas distintas a quienes se les realizó la escala Quick-DASH, dinamometría y EVA. Resultados: Se encontró menor limitación funcional al año postquirúrgico en los individuos a los cuales se les realizó la artrodesis intercarpiana con o sin neurotomía del nervio interóseo posterior, con una media de 16.4, una mediana de 16.35, una moda de 15.3 y una p < 0.05. Discusión: Se demostró que una cirugía poco agresiva es suficiente para evolucionar a un aumento sintomatológico y un descenso de la función y fuerza, por lo que la artrodesis intercarpiana logra mejores resultados que otros procedimientos usados con anterioridad y avalados por las grandes asociaciones internacionales. Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica de salvamento de elección en nuestra serie, que sugiere evitar la progresión de la enfermedad de Kienböck, es la artrodesis intercarpiana más neurotomía del nervio interóseo posterior, ya que presenta menor número de complicaciones.

Abstract: Introduction: Functional results of four surgical techniques to resolve the IIIB-IV Litchman`s stage of the Kienböck disease were analyzed. We observed the evolution from 2000 to 2015. aterial and methods: Transversal retrospective study of 33 patients treated with different surgical techniques and evaluated with Quick-DASH scale, dynamometer and EVA. Results: Less functional limitation was found in the patients who underwent the intercarpal fusion with or without neurotomy of the posterior interosseous. Discussion: It was shown that the fact of making a less aggressive surgery is enough to evolve into an increase in symptoms and a decrease in function and strength; therefore, the intercarpal fusion performed at the right time of the natural history of the disease can achieve better results than other methods used previously and endorsed by international associations. Conclusions: The surgical technique of choice in our series to prevent disease progression was the intercarpal fusion and neurotomy of the posterior interosseous nerve.

Resección guiada por ecografía de gangliones dorsales de muñeca / Ultrasound-guided resection of dorsal wrist ganglion

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar prospectivamente los resultados del drenaje de gangliones dorsales de muñeca y la ruptura de su pedículo guiada por ecografía, y determinar su tasa de recidiva, las complicaciones y los resultados subjetivos. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron prospectivamente 32 pacientes con gangliones dorsales sintomáticos de muñeca tratados mediante punción guiada por ecografía, aspiración del contenido y ruptura del pedículo con un trocar, entre enero de 2010 y junio de 2011. La edad de los pacientes promedió 31 años. Todos realizaban tareas administrativas, y retornaron a sus tareas habituales al día siguiente del procedimiento. El puntaje DASH previo al procedimiento fue, en promedio, de 2,90. El dolor previo al procedimiento promedió 7,75 puntos. Se separó a los pacientes en dos grupos, gangliones primarios (grupo 1: 19 pacientes) y gangliones recurrentes con cirugía previa (grupo 2: 13 pacientes). Resultados: Once pacientes tuvieron recidivas (34,3%) al año de seguimiento: 5 del grupo 1 (26,31%) y 6 del grupo 2 (46,1%). El puntaje DASH a los 6 meses promedió 1,91 (rango 1,02-3,98). El dolor a los 6 meses promedió 1,53 puntos (rango 0-4). Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones neurológicas o tendinosas, infección o hematomas (seguimiento promedio 6 meses). Conclusión: La técnica bajo control ecográfico es mínimamente invasiva con una tasa de recurrencia aceptable (26% en pacientes sin antecedente quirúrgico), considerando que plantea menores riesgos que los procedimientos quirúrgicos al igual que un menor costo y bajo costo laboral.

Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the results of dorsal wrist ganglion cyst drainage and pedicle rupture under ultrasound guidance, and to determine recurrence rate, complications and subjective outcomes. Methods: Thirty-two patients with symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglion cysts treated by ultrasound-guided puncture, aspiration and pedicle rupture with a trochar, between January 2010 and June 2011, were prospectively evaluated. Age of the patients averaged 31 years. All patients returned to their previous daily activities the day after the procedure. DASH score before the procedure averaged 2.90 points. The pre-drainage visual analog scale for pain averaged 7.75 points. Patients were divided into two groups: without previous surgery (group 1: 19 patients) or with previous surgery (group 2: 13 patients). Results: Eleven patients had recurrences (34.3%) after a six-month follow-up: 5 patients in group 1 (26.31%) and 6 in group 2 (46.1%). DASH score at final follow-up averaged 1.91 points. Pain score at last follow-up averaged 1.53 points. There were no neurological or tendinous complications, infection or hematomas (follow-up 6 months). Conclusions: The technique under ultrasound guidance is minimally invasive with an acceptable recurrence rate (26% in patients without previous surgical interventions), considering that it presents less risk than surgical procedures, its lower cost and the immediate return to work.